Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used as rechargeable power for electric
vehicles for the big advantages of its high energy density and lightweight. However,
as the explosive growth of electric vehicle equipped with lithium-ion batteries, more
and more electric vehicle fire accidents caused by lithium-ion batteries have been
reported, and the safety performance of lithium-ion battery has attracted great
attention. Vehicle crashes are the leading cause of catching fires in electric vehicle
accidents, while mechanical intrusion caused failure of battery which is the most
common cause of these fires. The severe damage of a lithium-ion battery could result
in an internal short circuit condition following a thermal runaway.
In order to reduce the risk of catching fires in electric vehicle crash accidents, it
is necessary to study the response of the lithium-ion battery under mechanical
loading. Sahraei et al. [1–5] performed a set of loading test on different types of
lithium-ion cells and developed homogenized model which captured the
short-circuit point well. Avdeev et al. [6] carried out lateral loading experiments on
cylindrical lithium-ion battery cells and proposed two homogenization ways for
jellyroll. Greve and Fehrenbach [7] introduced stress-based Mohr–Coulomb criterion as the short-circuit criterion for jellyroll and predictions of short circuit agreed
well with the indentation and bending test data. Lai et al. [8–11] performed in-plane
constrained test and developed two kinds of macrohomogenized material models.
Choi et al. [12] carried out different kinds of mechanical tests to study the response