Hand-based biometrics identifies users by unique features in their hands, such as fingerprints, palmprints, hand geometry, and finger and palm vein patterns. This book explores the range of technologies and methods under development and in use for handbased biometrics, with evaluations of the advantages and performance of each. The inclusion of significant material on the relevant aspects of the physiology of the hand is a particularly useful and innovative feature. Topics covered in this book include inner and outer hand physiology and diseases; nail structure and common disorders; fingerprint recognition; synthetic fingerprints; finger vein recognition; palm vein biometrics; hand shape recognition and palm print recognition; 3D hand shape recognition; and spoofing and anti-spoofing methods. With contributions from an international panel of experts in this field, Hand-Based Biometrics is essential reading for researchers, students and engineers working in biometrics and security.