Human gastrointestinal (GI) physiology is a study of our GI system that addresses the regulation and integration of major physiological functions of motility,secretion, digestion, absorption and blood ?ow, as well as immunity. The coordination of these processes is vital for the maintenance of GI health; thus, any disregulation will result in GI disease. In fact, GI physiology is a fundamental subject that is indispensable not only for undergraduate but also for graduate students of any biomedical courses, including, but not limited to, medical, pharmacy, nursing, human biology, Chinese medicine, and natural science, as well as other health related subjects.