Patient-Specific Controller for an Implantable Artificial Pancreas: Doctoral Thesis accepted by the National University of Singapore, Singapore

Yvonne Ho

Informasi Umum

Kode

21.21.824

Klasifikasi

362.1 - Physical illness, disability, medical care and treatment, medical missions, public health

Jenis

Buku - Elektronik (E-Book)

Subjek

Physical Diagnosis, Medical Care,

No. Rak

Dilihat

180 kali

Informasi Lainnya

Abstraksi

Diabetes if untreated results in prolonged hyperglycaemia which can lead to diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Treatments for diabetes include oral medication and insulin therapy. The risk associated with insulin therapy is hypoglycaemia. Diabetics monitor their blood glucose levels using capillary blood glucose monitors or Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems (CGMS).

The aim of the artificial pancreas is to improve the quality of diabetics’ lives. An electromechanical artificial pancreas essentially consists of a glucose sensor, drug delivery system, and a controller. An issue with subcutaneous glucose sensing and insulin delivery is the time lags between venous and interstitial fluid glucose concentrations. An implantable artificial pancreas employing intravenous glucose monitoring and insulin delivery more closely mimics pancreatic insulin secretions to the portal vein.

Model Predictive Control (MPC) can be extended for hypoglycaemia avoidance and to take various constraints into account. Parameters of models used have inter-patient variance; hence, patient-specific models are preferred. Patient parameters can also change over time with physiological changes. An artificial pancreas system that adaptively tunes the patient-specific controller is proposed.

The artificial pancreas is to be implanted in the ilium and the device has to fit the space and encapsulate the controller and the insulin delivery system. Automatic insulin dosage is handled by a low-power microcontroller, with wireless communication for data logging. As an implantable glucose sensor is planned to be used in the artificial pancreas, two fluid flow connections integrating intravenous glucose sensing and insulin delivery were investigated and compared.